Taller Unidades 3 y 4

Unidad 3

Técnicas de lectura: predicción, scanning y skimming

 

The petroleum industry includes the global processes of exploration, extraction, refining, transporting (often by oil tankers and pipelines), and marketing petroleum products. The largest volume products of the industry are fuel oil and gasoline (petrol). Petroleum is also the raw material for many chemical products, including pharmaceuticals, solvents, fertilizers, pesticides, and plastics. The industry is usually divided into three major components: upstream, midstream and downstream. Midstream operations are usually included in the downstream category.

Petroleum is vital to many industries, and is of importance to the maintenance of industrial civilization itself, and thus is a critical concern for many nations. Oil accounts for a large percentage of the world’s energy consumption, ranging from a low of 32% for Europe and Asia, up to a high of 53% for the Middle East.

• Observe la imagen y conteste las siguientes preguntas.
• De acuerdo al título y la imagen: ¿cuál cree usted que es el tópico que está a punto de leer? 

El tema esta relacionado con la Industria del Petroleo, explicando las etapas por las cuales tiene que pasar el crudo para su procesamiento a materia prima.

• ¿Cuál es la idea general del texto? 

El petróleo es vital para muchas industrias, y es de importancia para el mantenimiento de la civilización industrial en sí, y por lo tanto es una preocupación crítica para muchas naciones.

• ¿Que palabras se repiten? 

 petroleum, industry, man, and, oil, the, of

• ¿Que palabras se parecen al español? 

operations, category, transporting, petroleum, civilization.

• ¿Cuales son las palabras en negrita, el titulo, subtitulo o gráficos que te ayudan a entender el texto? 

petroleum industry,  exploration, extraction, refining

• ¿De qué trata el texto? Lee el primer párrafo y el último o la ultimas ideas del último párrafo.

La industria del petróleo incluye los procesos globales de exploración, extracción, refinación, transporte (a menudo por los petroleros y los oleoductos), y la comercialización de productos derivados del petróleo. Los productos de mayor volumen de la industria son el aceite combustible y la gasolina (gasolina). El petróleo es también la materia prima para muchos productos químicos, incluidos los productos farmacéuticos, disolventes, fertilizantes, pesticidas y plásticos. La industria se divide en tres componentes principales: arriba, centro de la corriente y aguas abajo. Las operaciones de centro de la corriente generalmente se incluyen en la categoría de aguas abajo.


 Unidad 4

Patrones de Organización de un Párrafo



Project management is the discipline of planning, organizing, securing and managing resources to bring about the successful completion of specific project goals and objectives. It is sometimes conflated with program management, however technically that is actually a higher level construction: a group of related and somehow interdependent engineering projects.

A project is a temporary endeavor, having a defined beginning and end (usually constrained by date, but can be by funding or deliverables),[1] undertaken to meet unique goals and objectives,[2] usually to bring about beneficial change or added value. The temporary nature of projects stands in contrast to business as usual (or operations),[3] which are repetitive, permanent or semi-permanent functional work to produce products or services. In practice, the management of these two systems is often found to be quite different, and as such requires the development of distinct technical skills and the adoption of separate management.



Seleccione un texto relacionado con su área de experticia. Lea el texto y extraiga:

• Marcadores de definición. 

As a, It is sometimes, is a temporary endeavor, is actually. 

•  Marcadores de Tiempo.

Project management has been practiced since early civilization. Until 1900 civil engineering projects were generally managed by creative architects and engineers themselves, among those for example Vitruvius (1st century BC), Christopher Wren (1632–1723) , Thomas Telford (1757–1834) and Isambard Kingdom Brunel (1806–1859).[6] It was in the 1950s that organizations started to systematically apply project management tools and techniques to complex engineering projects.

until 1900, 1st century, I was in the 1950s, that organizations started.

Unidad 4

 Patrones de Organización de un Parrafo

Biography of Leonardo Torres Quevedo
Torres was born on 28 December 1852, on the Feast of the Holy Innocents, in Santa Cruz de Iguña, Molledo (Cantabria), Spain. The family resided for the most part in Bilbao, where Leonardo's father worked as a railway engineer, although they also spent long periods in his mother's family home in the Cantabrian Mountain. In Bilbao he studied to enter an advanced high school program and later spent two years in Paris to complete his studies. In 1870, his father was transferred, bringing his family to Madrid. The same year, Torres began his higher studies in the Official School of the Road Engineers' Corps. He temporarily suspended his studies in 1873 to volunteer for the defense of Bilbao, which had been surrounded by Carlist troops during the Third Carlist War. Returning to Madrid, he completed his studies in 1876, fourth in his graduating class.

He began his career with the same train company for which his father had worked, but he immediately set out on a long trip through Europe to get to know the scientific and technical advances of the day firsthand, especially in the incipient area of electricity. Upon returning to Spain, he took up residence in Santander where he financed his own work and began a regimen of study and investigation that he never abandoned. The fruit of these investigations appeared in his first scientific work in 1893. He married in 1885 and had eight children.

·When was he born?
He was born on 28 December 1852

·Where was he born?
He was born in Spain

·When was he married?
He was married on 1885

·When did he finish his career?
He did in 1876